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Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest intheSolarSystem. It is a giant planet with a mass one-thousandththatof theSun, but two and a half times that of all the otherplanetsin theSolar System combined. Jupiter is a gas giant, alongwithSaturn,with the other two giant planets, Uranus and Neptune,beingicegiants. Jupiter was known to astronomers of ancienttimes.[11]TheRomans named it after their god Jupiter.[12] Whenviewed fromEarth,Jupiter can reach an apparent magnitude of −2.94,brightenough forits reflected light to cast shadows,[13] andmaking iton average thethird-brightest object in the night skyafter theMoon and Venus.Jupiter is primarily composed of hydrogenwith aquarter of its massbeing helium, though helium comprisesonlyabout a tenth of thenumber of molecules. It may also have arockycore of heavierelements,[14] but like the other giantplanets,Jupiter lacks awell-defined solid surface. Because of itsrapidrotation, theplanet's shape is that of an oblate spheroid (ithasa slight butnoticeable bulge around the equator). Theouteratmosphere is visiblysegregated into several bands atdifferentlatitudes, resulting inturbulence and storms alongtheirinteracting boundaries. A prominentresult is the Great RedSpot, agiant storm that is known to haveexisted since at least the17thcentury when it was first seen bytelescope. SurroundingJupiter isa faint planetary ring system and apowerfulmagnetosphere. Jupiterhas at least 67 moons, including thefourlarge Galilean moonsdiscovered by Galileo Galilei in1610.Ganymede, the largest ofthese, has a diameter greater thanthat ofthe planet Mercury.