20.0.0 / September 23, 2020
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Semantics (from Ancient Greek: σημαντικόςsēmantikos,"significant")is the linguistic and philosophical studyof meaning,in language, programming languages, formal logics, andsemiotics.It is concerned with the relationship betweensignifiers—likewords, phrases, signs, and symbols—and what theystand for, theirdenotation. In international scientific vocabulary,semantics isalso called semasiology. The word semantics was firstused byMichel Bréal, a French philologist.It denotes a range ofideas—fromthe popular to the highly technical. It is often used inordinarylanguage for denoting a problem of understanding that comesdown toword selection or connotation. This problem of understandinghasbeen the subject of many formal inquiries, over a long periodoftime, especially in the field of formal semantics. Inlinguistics,it is the study of the interpretation of signs orsymbols used inagents or communities within particularcircumstances and contexts.Within this view, sounds, facialexpressions, body language, andproxemics have semantic (meaningful)content, and each comprisesseveral branches of study. In writtenlanguage, things likeparagraph structure and punctuation bearsemantic content; otherforms of language bear other semanticcontent. The formal study ofsemantics intersects with many otherfields of inquiry, includinglexicology, syntax, pragmatics,etymology, and others.Independently, semantics is also awell-defined field in its ownright, often with syntheticproperties. In the philosophy oflanguage, semantics and referenceare closely connected. Furtherrelated fields include philology,communication, and semiotics. Theformal study of semantics can,therefore, be manifold and complex.Semantics contrasts with syntax,the study of the combinatorics ofunits of a language (withoutreference to their meaning), andpragmatics, the study of therelationships between the symbols of alanguage, their meaning, andthe users of the language. Semanticsas a field of study also hassignificant ties to variousrepresentational theories of meaningincluding truth theories ofmeaning, coherence theories of meaning,and correspondence theoriesof meaning. Each of these is related tothe general philosophicalstudy of reality and the representation ofmeaning. In 1960spsychosemantic studies became popular afterOsgood's massivecross-cultural studies using his semanticdifferential (SD) methodthat used thousands of nouns and adjectivebipolar scales. Aspecific form of the SD, Projective Semanticsmethod uses only mostcommon and neutral nouns that correspond tothe 7 groups (factors)of adjective-scales most consistently foundin cross-culturalstudies (Evaluation, Potency, Activity as found byOsgood, andReality, Organization, Complexity, Limitation as foundin otherstudies). In this method, seven groups of bipolar adjectivescalescorresponded to seven types of nouns so the method wasthought tohave the object-scale symmetry (OSS) between the scalesand nounsfor evaluation using these scales. For example, thenounscorresponding to the listed 7 factors would be Beauty,Power,Motion, Life, Work, Chaos, Law. Beauty was expected to beassessedunequivocally as “very good” on adjectives ofEvaluation-relatedscales, Life as “very real” on Reality-relatedscales, etc.However, deviations in this symmetric and very basicmatrix mightshow underlying biases of two types: sales-related biasandobjects-related bias. Suport Language: ✔ English ✔ العربية✔հայերեն ✔ Afrikaans ✔ বাংলা " ✔ Magyar ✔ Tiếng Việt ✔ Galego✔Nederlands ✔ Dansk ✔ עִבְרִית ✔ Español ✔ italiano ✔ katalis ✔한국어✔ lietuvių ✔ Melayu ✔ Deutsch ✔ Norsk ✔ فارسى ✔ polski ✔Português✔ română ✔ Српски ✔ slovenský ✔ slovenski ✔ ภาษา ไทย ✔தமிழ் " ✔Türkçe ✔ suomi ✔ français ✔ हिन्दी " ✔ hrvatski ✔ Čeština✔ Svenska✔ eesti ✔ 日本語 ✔ malayāḷaṁ ✔ Euskara ✔ indonesia

App Information Semantics

  • App Name
    Semantics
  • Package Name
    com.sematic.books
  • Updated
    September 23, 2020
  • File Size
    18M
  • Requires Android
    Android 4.4 and up
  • Version
    20.0.0
  • Developer
    Helpful Books
  • Installs
    10,000+
  • Price
    Free
  • Category
    Books & Reference
  • Developer
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Music theory 20.0.0 APK
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Music theory is the study of the practices and possibilitiesofmusic. The Oxford Companion to Music describes threeinterrelateduses of the term "music theory": The first is what isotherwisecalled 'rudiments', currently taught as the elements ofnotation,of key signatures, of time signatures, of rhythmicnotation, and soon. The second is the study of writings about musicfrom ancienttimes onwards. The third is an area of currentmusicological studythat seeks to define processes and generalprinciples in music — asphere of research that can be distinguishedfrom analysis in thatit takes as its starting-point not theindividual work orperformance but the fundamental materials fromwhich it is built.Music theory is frequently concerned withdescribing how musiciansand composers make music, including tuningsystems and compositionmethods among other topics. Because of theever-expandingconception of what constitutes music (see Definitionof music), amore inclusive definition could be that music theory istheconsideration of any sonic phenomena, including silence, astheyrelate to music. This is not an absolute guideline for example,thestudy of "music" in the Quadrivium liberal artsuniversitycurriculum that was common in medieval Europe was anabstractsystem of proportions that was carefully studied at adistance fromactual musical practice. However, this medievaldiscipline becamethe basis for tuning systems in later centuries,and it isgenerally included in modern scholarship on the history ofmusictheory. Support Language: - català - Čeština - Dansk - Deutsch-English - Español - finland - français - nork - italiano -Japanese- Nederlands - polski - Português - Svenska - українська