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古兰经 (Quran in chinese)

《可蘭經》(或譯《古蘭經》;阿拉伯语:أَلْقُرآن‎,意思是“誦讀”,英语:Quran;Koran),是伊斯蘭教的最高經典,共有30卷114章6236節,每一章以一個阿拉伯語詞作為名稱。穆斯林認為《可蘭經》是真主阿拉的話語,通過大天使吉卜利里(加百列)傳授給穆罕默德。穆斯林認為,《可蘭經》不僅是一部宗教經典,更是關於人類社會的最高法則。伊斯兰教徒认为它是阿拉对先知穆罕默德在二十多年期间陆续启示的真实语言。

《可蘭經》雖然有多種語言譯本,但只是幫助穆斯林理解經義;世界各民族的伊斯蘭教阿訇都得會用阿拉伯語誦讀《可蘭經》。

穆罕默德在世時,經文由弟子們背誦,並書寫紀錄在樹葉、石片和獸皮上,並由弟子們保存。後来,第一任哈里發阿布·伯克爾下令蒐集;到第三任哈里發奧斯曼時,由於當初蒐集的可蘭經多有缺漏、字型不一、或參雜了經文註解和聖訓等等內容,於是重新蒐集並統一為《可蘭經》定本,消除了各地穆斯林間在朗誦和紀錄上的差異。他並將這個定本發往各地,並且焚毀了其他缺漏的抄本。

章(蘇拉)與節(阿亞)
古蘭經由長短不一的114章(阿拉伯語稱為蘇拉)所組成。每章的標題不是和該章所探討主題裡的名字或特色有關,就是來自於該章的第一串字母或詞彙。穆斯林相信這些蘇拉的標題都是穆罕默德奉真主之命所題的[1]。大體而言,較長的蘇拉在古蘭經裡排在前面,較短的排在後面。不過事實上,蘇拉的長短跟啟示的時間順序沒有關聯。除了第九章“懺悔”章,每個蘇拉都以太斯米“奉至仁至慈真主之名”作為開頭。古蘭經最重要的一章是第一章“開端”章。古蘭經蘇拉分成麥加篇章及麥地那篇章,前者是穆罕默德在麥加時接受的啟示,後者在麥地那,是穆罕默德及其追隨者遷徙到麥地那之後,時間較晚。麥加篇章通常篇幅較短,以優美的語言描述真主,內容較單一;麥地那篇章主要講述伊斯蘭律法,內容較長。但是,有少數麥加篇章混有麥地那時期的經文,反之也有少數麥地那篇章混有麥加時期的啟示。

古蘭經某些蘇拉被認為是原來幾個蘇拉合成的,因此有時讀者會覺得古蘭經讀起來很沒有邏輯性。但穆斯林認為整部古蘭經的編排是真主的旨意,透過大天使吉卜利里曉諭穆罕默德的,故其編排方式有其神秘性。

每個蘇拉由數節所組成。在阿拉伯語中,古蘭經的“節”原意為“跡象”,稱作“阿亞”,也就是來自於真主的跡象。每個蘇拉的節數不一,也可能只由幾個詞彙或幾行字組成而已。“阿亞”和伊斯蘭教誕生前詞藻華麗的阿拉伯詩詞不一樣,反而著重於猶太教與基督教聖經裡斷斷續續的預言訊息。雖然古蘭經裡的字數是一定的,但自伊斯蘭教開創以來,穆斯林對於古蘭經到底有多少阿亞的爭論始終沒有停止,有的說6,000個阿亞,有的說6,204,有的說6,219,也有的說6,236個。大部分的古蘭經都認可庫法學派的傳統,謂有6,236個阿亞。

整部古蘭經分為30個卷(Juz's),每卷細分為兩個段落(Hizb),而每個段落又再分成四部份。這種劃分古蘭經的方式旨在將長度不一的蘇拉等份以方便在30天內誦讀完畢。古蘭經也劃分為七個“歇足”(manazils),以期在一星期內誦讀完畢。但伊斯蘭教並不鼓勵在短於一星期的時間內誦讀完畢。

整部古蘭經似乎沒有明顯的開頭、正文與結尾,不成線形結構,而是網狀結構。有些批評家認為古蘭經很不連貫,沒有按照啟示時間或主題來排序,而同樣的話又講太多次。

另外,古蘭經某些篇名並沒有在世界各地都一致。第9章為「懺悔」(At-Tauba),卻有其他傳統稱為「豁免」(Al-Bara'a);17章是「夜行」(Al-Isra),又作「以色列的後裔」(BaniIsrail);32章「叩頭」(As-Sajda)也稱為「床」(Al-Madaji')等。有人指出這可能透露出古蘭經早期的不同的版本間有更大的相異之處。但穆斯林認為伊斯蘭世界的總總教派只有一派是正統的,正如穆罕默德說過,大部分的穆斯林認為的就是對的。因此這無損於穆斯林的信仰。

文體
古蘭經的內容是以各式各樣的文體寫成的。古蘭經最小的組成要素——章與節——充分運用阿拉伯熟語的語音以及語境,便于记忆。阿拉伯學者一致認為,所有的阿拉伯文學都應當以古蘭經為準繩;穆斯林認為古蘭經的內容與風格是無法加以模仿的。

古海(Richard Gottheil)與法蘭克(Siegmund Fränkel)在他們所著的《猶太百科全書》(JewishEncyclopedia)中指出,古蘭經當中啟示年代較早的經文運用短小精悍又唐突的句子以及轉折突然的語氣,富有阿拉伯語文的特色。因而古蘭經裡有許多韻文。但是在往後的啟示中,經文除了押韻之外,也較詳細地解釋啟示的內容,同時語氣也漸趨樸實。

塞爾(Michael Sells)引述批評家布朗(Norman O.Brown)的著作,他認可布朗的觀察,指出古蘭經的遣詞用字表面上似乎“毫無組織”(也就是文體“凌亂”或“殘缺不全”)。用塞爾的話說,這其實是一種文學技巧,能夠給人一種“深切的感覺”,“好像強烈的預言訊息已經把人類賴以溝通的語言載體都粉碎了”。[6][7]許多人一直在討論古蘭經裡那種“同樣的話講很多遍”的現象,而塞爾也視之為一種文學技巧。“這些技巧在很早期的啟示中大量運用,使得麥加篇章的經文有如讚美歌一樣。這些技巧讓人覺得很直率、很親切,似乎一直反問聽眾:人生的盡頭到底是為了什麼?”

关于文體,許多批評家認為麥加篇章主要著重於描述真主,內容單純且篇幅較短、語言優美;但在麥地那時期的啟示中,由於主要著重於律法,因此讓人覺得語言變得較樸實,甚至經文要拖很長才聽得到韻腳。

文法上的差异
通常穆斯林認為聖經以及歷代真主所啟示的經典都已散失或遭到更改,而古蘭經的內容是完美無缺的,自從啟示以來就保存原貌,連一個字母都沒有受到任何改動,这是一个奇蹟。但是早期的穆斯林就已經發現古蘭經裡的文法和标准阿拉伯的文法有所差异了。據傳,奧斯曼在看完第一古蘭經的標準版之後,說:“我看出裡面的文法不一,阿拉伯人將用他們的語言正確地讀它。”這種差异有人認為是抄寫員所导致,但穆斯林認為所謂的文法差异是有規則可循的,是一種特殊的阿拉伯語文的修辭方式。

古蘭經的文法差异通常指的是形容詞和動詞的屈折變化沒有依從有關詞的性與數要配合一致的原則。另外有些代名詞的運用不合乎一般人的邏輯,也不符合標準阿拉伯語的文法,有時更沒有指涉對象

各章開頭的縮寫字母
古蘭經裡有14個不同的阿拉伯字母,組成14組不同的“古蘭經縮寫字母”(亦即“穆卡塔(Muqatta'at)”,阿拉伯語“縮寫”之意),例如第二章第一節的A.L.M),共計出現在29個章節中,幾乎都是麥加篇章。沒有穆斯林真正清楚這些字母的意義,但他們相信這些字母有其神秘意涵,不是人類所能理解的。有學者認為這些字母可能只是代表姓名、引言、舊標題或經文關鍵字的縮寫。1974年,一位叫做拉沙德·哈里發(RashadKhalifa)的埃及生化學家宣稱發現了古蘭經中存在著以數字19 為中心的數學密碼,此數字明文載於古蘭經74章30節

先知時期
根據聖訓與穆斯林的歷史,穆罕默德移居至麥地那之後,穆斯林社群於焉形成,穆罕默德命令門徒們[薩哈巴(Sahabah)]記誦真主阿拉傳授與他的經文與律法,並教導他人。只要參與經文記誦的人都稱為“庫拉”(qurra')。

當時這位先知的門徒,大多是文盲,於是他命令門徒們向戰俘們學習簡易的書寫技能。因此,後來這些同伴們都漸漸地識字了。這些經文紀錄都寫在木頭、骨頭及棗椰樹葉末端的寬面之處。早期的穆斯林,就已能誦讀今日古蘭經大部分的章節,因為這些章節在遜尼派及什葉派大量的諺語中都廣泛引用著,告訴人們,先知曾使用這些經文,號召人們皈依伊斯蘭教,確立了禱告與誦讀的方式。不過古蘭經當時只是斷簡殘篇,直到穆罕默德於西元632年逝世為止,都尚未編纂成書,而僅僅存在於各門徒的筆記之中。
專攻伊斯蘭教的學者魏爾齊(Welch)在《伊斯蘭百科全書》(Encyclopedia ofIslam)當中提及,他相信穆罕默德的在接受天啟時的宗教經驗是真實的,他在阿拉啟示之後總是滿身大汗、全身顫抖,即使在冬天也一樣。根據魏爾齊的說法,這種現象說明了穆罕默德所受的啟示來源是非人的。不過穆罕默德的敵人指控他只不過是被精靈或是鬼附身,因為穆罕默德自己都宣稱他領受上帝啟示時所感受到的宗教經驗,和那些古阿拉伯的算命師沒有甚麼兩樣,穆罕默德只不過是個算命師或巫師。此外,魏爾齊指出我們還無法確定穆罕默德領受啟示時的宗教經驗,是在他成為先知之前或之後才有的。
古蘭經裏頭說穆罕默德是“烏米”(ummi),也就是穆斯林傳統所說的文盲。根據瓦特(Watt)的說法,“烏米”這個詞在古蘭經當中並不是文盲的意思。他指出穆罕默德為了經商,多多少少都懂得讀寫文字,雖然說他從來就沒有讀過《聖經》。

App Information 古兰经 (Quran in chinese)

  • App Name
    古兰经 (Quran in chinese)
  • Package Name
    quran.books.quran_in_chinese.AOUQSDSLRPBRRLCN
  • Updated
    February 9, 2014
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  • Version
    1.0
  • Developer
    Quran books
  • Installs
    500 - 1,000
  • Price
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  • Category
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Quran books
Qurani (Qur'an) (Quran katika Kiswahili)Qur'an (kwa Kiarabu: القرآن) ni kitabu kitukufu cha Uislamu.Qur'an inatazamiwa na Waislamu kama "Neno la Allah (MwenyeziMungu)". Kitabu hiki kwao ni tofauti kabisa na maandiko ya vitabuvya dini nyingine kwa maana hicho kinaaminika kwamba kimeandikwamoja kwa moja na Mwenyezi Mungu, kupitia mtume wake wa mwisho,Muhammad.Lugha na tafsiriImeandikwa na kusomwa kwa lugha ya Kiarabu pekee kwa zaidi ya miaka1,400.Kadiri ya Qurani (42:8), Mungu alimuambia Muhammad: "Na namna hivitumekufunulia Qurani kwa Kiarabu ili uwaonye watu wa Makka na waliopembeni mwake"Lakini, kwa vile leo Waislamu walio wengi ulimwenguni hawajuiKiarabu, maana halisi ya Qur'an hutolewa kwa lugha nyingine, hivyokupelekea wasomaji kuelewa vyema yale maneno ya Kiarabu kwenyeQur'an yana maana gani. Vitabu hivyo ni kama kamusi kwa ajili yaQur'an - hawavisomi hivi kama moja ya sehemu ya Quran tukufu naWaislam, ili kuwa badala ya Quran ya Kiarabu.Waislamu wengi wanaamini kwamba tafsiri ile siyo ya Qur'an tukufuna wala siyo ya kweli; ni kopi ya Kiarabu tu iliyotolewa kwenyeQur'an ya kweli.Waislamu wanaamini kwamba Qur'an tukufu mtume Muhammad alipewana malaika Jibrīl kwenye pango la mlima Hira, kwa kipindi cha zaidiya miaka ishirini na tatu hadi mauti wake ilipomfikia.Qur'an tukufu haikuwa kitabu cha maandiko wakati wa uhai wa mtumeMuhammad; iliwekwa kwa mawasiliano ya kimdomo tu. Bimaana, watuwalihifadhi kichwani.Mtume labda hakuwa anajua kusoma wala kuandika, lakini kwa mujibuwa Waislamu, swahaba wake Abu Bekr alikuwa akiandika maandiko yalejuu ya kitu fulani wakati huo mtume Muhammad yu hai. Pale Abu Bekralipokuja kuwa khalifa, ameileta Qur'an na kuwa kitabukitakatifu.Uthman, ambaye ni khalifa wa tatu, ameondoa vipengele ambavyovilikuwa havihusiani na Qur'an tukufu.Elementi, Sura, Mistari, AyaKuna sehemu 30 katika Qur'an, ambayo inafanya kuwa na sura 114.Kila sura ina namba tofauti ya mistari.Kwa mujibu wa mafunzo ya Kiislam, sura 86 kati ya hizi zimeshukamjini Makka, sura 24 kati ya hizi zimeshuka mjini Madina.Miongoni mwa sura zilizoshushwa mjini Medina ni pamoja naAl-Baqara, Al Imran, Al-Anfal, Al-Ahzab, Al-Ma'ida, An-Nisa,Al-Mumtahina, Az-Zalzala, Al-Hadid, Muhammad , Ar-Ra'd, Ar-Rahman,At-Talaq, Al-Bayyina, Al-Hashr, An-Nasr, An-Nur, Al-Hajj,Al-Munafiqun, Al-Mujadila, Al-Hujraat, At-Tahrim, At-Taghabun,Al-Jumua, As-Saff, Al-Fath, At-Tawba, Al-Insan.Mahusiano baina Qur'an na BibliaKatika Qu'ran tukufu, inasomwa kwamba Wayahudi na Wakristo piahuamini Mungu wa kweli. Dini hizi pamoja na Uislamu huitwa zaAbrahamu kwa sababu ya mahusiano haya.Kuna baadhi ya kurasa za Qu'ran zinazoelezea habari za mambo yawatu wa katika Biblia. Kwa mfano watu wa katika Biblia waliotajwakwenye Qu'ran ni pamoja na Adamu, Nuhu, Abraham, Lutu, Ismaili,Yakobo, Yosefu, Haruni, Musa, mfalme Daudi, Solomoni, Elisha, Yona,Yobu, Zakaria, Yohane Mbatizaji, Bikira Maria na Yesu.Hata hivyo, kuna tofauti za muhimu kabisa baina ya Uislamu na toleola Biblia katika kuelezea habari za aina moja. Kwa mfano, Qu'rantukufu inaelezea kwamba Yesu Kristo si Mwana wa Mungu, kama jinsiWakristo wanavyoamini; kwa Waislamu, alikuwa nabii tu,anayeheshimiwa kwa jina la Isa bin Mariamu.Uislamu unafundisha kwamba haya yanatokea kwa sababu maandiko yaawali ya Biblia yamepotea na hivyo kuna baadhi ya watuwameyabadilisha. Lakini nje ya Qu'ran hakuna uthibitisho wafundisho hilo.Qur'an(Qur'an) (Quran in Swahili)Qur'an (Arabic: القرآن) is the holy book of Islam. Qur'an isexpected by Muslims as the "Word of God (Allah)". This book iscompletely different to them and the writings of other religiousbooks that can be trusted because it was written directly by God,through His last prophet, Muhammad.Language and translationWritten and read in Arabic only for over 1,400 years.According to the Qur'an (42:8), God said to Muhammad: "And thus Wehave revealed to you the Qur'an in Arabic to warn people of Makkahand those around him"But, since today many Muslims around the world do not understandArabic, the real meaning of the Qur'an is provided for otherlanguages, thus leading readers to better understand Arabic wordsin the Qur'an mean. These books are like dictionaries for theQur'an - do not read this as one part of the Qur'an and Muslims, sothat instead of the Quran in Arabic.Many Muslims believe that the interpretation of the Qur'an is notnot true and it is a copy of the Quran Arabic only provided on theright.Muslims believe that the Qur'an was given to Muhammad by theangel Gabriel in the cave of Mount Hira, for over twenty-threeyears until his death ilipomfikia.The Qur'an was not a book of scripture during the life of theProphet Muhammad, was placed in contact kimdomo only. Bimaana,people were storing on the head.Messenger may not be able to read or write, but according to Islam,his companion Abu Bekr was writing the writing on something thattime Muhammad was alive. When Abu Bekr that the caliph came, hebrought the Qur'an to be sacred book.Uthman, the third caliph who is, has removed features that were notspecifically related to the Holy Qur'an.Elements, Chapter, Verse, VerseThere are 30 places in the Qur'an, which makes it a frame 114. Eachchapter has a different number of lines.According to Islamic teaching, chapter 86 of these have declined inMecca, chapter 24 of these have declined in Medina.Among the chapters in Medina zilizoshushwa include Al-Baqara, AlImran, Al-Anfal, Al-Ahzab, Al-Maida, An-Nisa, Al-Mumtahina,Az-Zalzala, Al-Hadid, Muhammad, Ar- Ra'd, Ar-Rahman, At-Talaq,Al-Bayyina, Al-Hashr, An-Nasr, An-Nur, Al-Hajj, Al-Munafiqun,Al-Mujadila, Al-Hujraat, At-Tahrim, At- Taghabun, Al-Jumua,As-Saff, Al-Fath, At-repentance, Al-Insan.Relations between the Qur'an and the BibleIn Glorious Qu'ran, is presented to that Jews and Christians alsobelieve the true God. These religions as well as Islam are calledto Abraham because of these relationships.There are some pages that describe Qu'ran concerning the people ofthe Bible. For example in the Bible of people listed on the Qu'raninclude Adam, Noah, Abraham, Lot, Ishmael, Jacob, Joseph, Aaron,Moses, King David, Solomon, Elisha, Jonah, Job, Zechariah, John theBaptist, the Virgin Mary and Jesus.However, there are quite important differences between Islam andversion of the Bible in describing the story of the same type. Forexample, the glorious Qu'ran explains that Jesus Christ is not theSon of God, just as Christians believe, for Muslims, he was just aprophet, who is honored in the name of Jesus the son of Mary.Islam teaches that this is happening because the original texts ofthe Bible have been lost and so there are some people have changed.But out of the Qu'ran there is no proof of that doctrine.
Quraan (Quran in Somali) 1.0 APK
Quran books
Quraan (Quran in Somali)Quraan Quraanka Kariimka (carabi: ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ; ingiriis: Koran) waakitaabka Alle ﺍﻟﻠﻪ (s.w.t) ku soo dejiyay Nebi MaxamedMohamed peacebe upon him.svg (n.n.k.h), kaas oo ku qoran luuqada carabiga.Kitaabka Quraanka wuxuu saldhig u yahay diinta Islamka dhamaanteed.Quraanka kariimka ah waa hadalka Ilaahay (ﺍﻟﻠﻪ) kaas oo malagaJibriil u soo gudbin jirey Nebi MuxamedMohamed peace be uponhim.svg (n.n.k.h) wakhti 23 sano ah, oo ku bilaabmaysa Diisembar22keedii sanadkii 609 C.D (Ciise Dabadii), wakhtigaas oo nebiguahaa 40 jir, ilaa markii taariikdhu ahayd 632 Ciise Dabadii, oo kubeegan sanadkii Nabi Maxamed Mohamed peace be upon him.svg(n.n.k.h) geeriyooday. Sidaa diinta Islaamku sheegtay kitaabkaQuraanku waa midka ugu sareeya kitaabyada ee Ilaahay ka ilaalinayokhaladka iyo musuqmaasuqa isla markaana hogaan iyo hanuunin u ahdhamaan aadamaha ku nool dunida.[5]Kitaabka Quraanka waxaa loo kala saaraa, guud ahaan, labo qeyboodoo kala ah Makki[5] (oo ah Quraanka ku soo dagay Nebiga Mohamedpeace be upon him.svg intii uu magaalada Makkah joogay) iyo Madani(oo ah Quraanka ku soo dagay Nebi MuxamedMohamed peace be uponhim.svg wakhtigii uu magaalada Madiina deganaa). Intaasi kuma eekaqeybaha Quraanku ee waxaa kitaabku u sameeysan yahay nidaam looyaqaano suurado, kuwaasi oo loo sii kala saaro aayado. Quraankuwuxuu ka kooban yahay boqol toban iyo afar Suuradood kuwaasi ooyugu horeeyso suurada Al Faatixa (mahnaheedu tahay fur-furitaan ama"bilaabid") oo ka samaysan 7 aayadood ilaa laga gaadho suurada 114ee Al-Naas (macnaheedu yahay dadka) oo ka kooban 6 aayadood.Kitaabka Quraanka ah dhexdiisa waxaa ku xusan dhamaan taariikhda,nolosha, tilmaamida iyo hogaanka, wixii horey u dhacay, waxa dhicidoona, nolosha dunida, nolosha aakhiro, maalinta qiyaame iyoxisaabta, iyo dhamaan macluumaadka nooleha. Sidoo kale, Ilaahay(s.w.t) wuxuu ugu tallo-galay in kitaabku noqdo mid hogaamiyanolosha dadka. Suurad kasta iyo aayad kasta oo ka mid ah kitaabkaQuraanka Kariimka ahi wax ayay tilmaamaysaa isla markaana faraysaaama ka reebaysaa dadka.Wadajirka Quraanka iyo Xadiisku waa sharciga saxda ah ee Alle ugutallo galay in aadamahu isku maamulaan, waxaana loo yaqaanaaSharciga Shariicada. Intaasi waxaa dheer, Quraanka oo laguakhrinayo luuqada carabiga ayaa waxa la akhriyaa wakhtiga latukanayo salaadaha. Qofka xafida 114ta Suuradood ee Quraanka waxaaloo yaqaanaa Xaafid. Jiijiidida iyo qurxinta codka marka laakhrinayo Quraanka waxaa loo yaqaanaa towjiid. Si kastaba haahaatee, bisha Ramadaan dadka muslimiinta ahi waxay dhamaystiraanakhrinta dhamaan Quraanka ayagoo ku tukanaya salaadatarawiixda.Micnaha & Sharaxaada QuraankaQoraalka Quraanka kariimka ah qarnigii 11aad waqooyigaAfrika.Ereyga qur'aan waxaa kitaabka Quraan laga dhex helaa 70 jeer,kuwaasi oo qaarkood yihiin ficil (verb) iyo magac (noun) ah qaraʼa(ﻗﺮﺃ) oo macnaheedu tahay "akhriyey" ama "la akhriyey".Kitaabka Quraanka wuxuu saldhig u yahay diinta Islamka dhamaanteed,isla markaana wuxuu kala saaraa runta iyo beenta; mugdiga iyoiftiinka; janoda iyo cadaabta; ifka iyo aakhiroda.Kitaabka Quraanka kariimka ah ee Ilaahay (s.w.t) ku soo dejiyayNebi MuxamedMohamed peace be upon him.svg (n.n.k.h) waxaa lagumagacaabaa Al-Furqaan, kaasi oo ah tilmaamid ("al-huda"), xikmad,xasuusinta Alle ("al-dikhri"), iyo mid samada sare laga soo diray("tanziil").Samayska Kitaabka QuraankaQuraan waa kiitaabka Illahey ee saldhiga u ah diinta Islaamka eedadka muslimiinta ahi ku xidhan yihiin.Quraan waa hadalka ilaaheey mana aha mid la sameeyey ama la abuuraywaa waxyi ka yimid xagga rabbi.
Coran en français 1.0 APK
Quran books
Coran en français (Quran in french)Le Coran (arabe : القرآن ; al Qur'ān, « la récitation ») est lelivre sacré de l'islam pour les Musulmans qu'ils considèrentreprendre verbatim la parole divine de Allah. La traditionreligieuse musulmane le présente comme le premier ouvrage rédigé enlangue arabe, avec le caractère spécifique dans l'Islamd'inimitabilité dans la beauté et dans les idées.Le Coran regroupe les paroles d'Allah, « révélations » faites auprophète, messager de l'islam Mahomet (محمد, Muḥammad) parl'archange Gabriel (جبريل, Jibrîl), dans la croyance musulmane. Ilaurait été révélé de 610 à 632 pour certains, de 612 à 632 pourd'autres. Le Coran est parfois appelé simplement al-kitâb (lelivre) ou adh-dhikr (le rappel). En ce sens, il est, pour lesmusulmans, l'expression incréée de cet attribut d'Allah adressée àl'intention de toute l'humanité.Le Coran est divisé en chapitres appelés sourates, au nombre de114 et débutant par la première appelée Al Fatiha (parfois traduitepar « la liminaire » ou « le prologue » ou « l'ouverture » ouencore « la mère du livre »). Ces sourates sont elles-mêmescomposées de versets nommés âyât (pluriel de l'arabe âyah, « preuve», « signe », et que l'on retrouve notamment dans le motayatollah). Les versets sont au nombre canonique de 6 236 pour lehafs (lecture orientale) et 6 213 pour le warch (lectureoccidentale).À l'origine, durant la vie de Mahomet, la transmission destextes se faisait principalement oralement, fondée sur cette «récitation » qu'évoque précisément le terme qur'ān, même aprèsl'établissement à Médine. Certains versets ou groupes de versetsont été écrit sur des omoplates de chameaux ou des morceaux decuir, par des croyants. Il s'agit de témoignages fragmentaires etrudimentaires de la notationOn sépare traditionnellement le Coran en deux parties qui sedémarquent par des différences de style et de thèmes abordés :Les sourates de La Mecque, antérieures à l'hégire, généralementce sont des sourates plus courtes, d’orientation religieuse etliturgique ;et les sourates de Médine, postérieures à l'hégire, plus longues etd’orientation nettement politique, sociétale, législative.Il est significatif que l'An I de l'Islam commence à l'Hégirequand Mahomet devient un chef politique. Ainsi, l'Islam est bienune doctrine politico-religieuse dont la mission, assignée par leCoran, est l'organisation politique et sociale des Musulman(e)s. Lapériode mecquoise antérieure à l'hégire doit néanmoins êtreconsidérée comme le début de la prophétie.Les sourates de la première période, mecquoises, affirmentprincipalement l'idée de monothéisme et définissent ce qu'est Dieupour le musulman. On y trouve, entre autres, l'idée de larésurrection des morts au jour du jugement dernier, l'unicité deDieu, etc.Les orientalistes allemands Gustav Weil (en) et Theodor Nöldekeont établi trois divisions dans les sourates révélées à La Mecque:Dans le premier des groupes, Dieu invite les hommes à ne pasdouter et à suivre ses prescriptions afin de ne pas attirer sacolère. Il parle de la création ;Les sourates du deuxième groupe décrivent les devoirs de toutcroyant : la profession de foi (chahada), les prières (salat), lejeûne (ramadan), le pèlerinage (hajj), l'aumône (zakat) qui sontles cinq piliers de l'islam. Ces sourates invitent l'homme à seperfectionner à travers son dévouement à Dieu ;Dans la troisième partie, se trouvent les récits des prophètes del'islam, une description du châtiment qu'ont subi les peuples quiont refusé de croire à leurs messages.Les sourates médinoises sont des "ordres". Elles posent lesbases fondamentales d'une société nouvelle, dans laquelle lerespect et obéissance sont dus à Mahomet et à sa famille, où leslouanges vont à ceux qui combattent et meurent dans le djihad(lutte) sur le chemin de Dieu, et où l'on lutte contre l'oppressiondes ennemis de l'Islam.FrenchQuran (Quran in french)The Qur'an (Arabic: القرآن; Qur'ān al, "the recitation") is thesacred book of Islam for Muslims they consider resume verbatim wordof God Allah. Muslim religious tradition presents him as the firstbook written in Arabic, with the specific character of Islam in theinimitability in the beauty and ideas.The Quran contains the words of Allah, "revelations" made to theprophet, the messenger of Islam Muhammad (محمد, Muḥammad) by thearchangel Gabriel (جبريل, Jibreel), in Muslim belief. It wasrevealed to some 610-632, 612-632 for the other. The Qur'an issometimes called simply al-kitab (the book) or adh-dhikr(reminder). In this sense, it is, for Muslims, the uncreatedexpression of this attribute of Allah sent to the intention of allmankind.The Quran is divided into chapters called suras, the number 114and beginning with the first called Al Fatiha (sometimes translatedas "the introductory" or "prologue" or "opening" or "the mother ofthe Book"). These suras are themselves composed of verses calledayat (plural of Arabic ayah, "proof", "sign", and foundparticularly in the word ayatollah). The verses are in canonicalnumber 6236 for hafs (Eastern reading) and 6213 for warch (WestReading).Originally, during the life of Muhammad, the transmission oftexts was mainly orally, based on the "recitation" evokes preciselythe term Qur'an, even after the establishment in Medina. Someverses or groups of verses were written on the shoulder blades ofcamels or pieces of leather, for believers. It is fragmentary andrudimentary evidence of the notationTraditionally separates the Qur'an into two parts which aredistinguished by differences in style and themes:    Suras of Mecca, prior to the Hegira, itis generally shorter suras, religious and liturgicalorientation;    and Medina surahs, post-Hegira, longer andguidance clearly political, societal, legislative.It is significant that New Year I of Islam starts the Hijra whenMuhammad became a political leader. Thus, Islam is apolitico-religious doctrine whose mission assigned by the Koran, isthe political and social organization of the Muslim (s). Theearlier Meccan period AH must nevertheless be regarded as thebeginning of the prophecy.The suras of the early period, Meccan, say mainly the idea of​​monotheism and define what the Muslim God. There are, amongothers, the idea of ​​the resurrection of the dead on the Day ofJudgment, the oneness of God, etc..German orientalist Gustav Weil (en) and Theodor Nöldekeestablished three divisions in the suras revealed in Mecca:    In the first group, God invites men tonot doubt and follow its requirements so as not to attract hiswrath. He speaks of creation;    The suras of the second group describe theduties of every believer: the profession of faith (shahada), prayer(salat), fasting (Ramadan), pilgrimage (hajj), almsgiving (zakat)are the five pillars of Islam. These suras invite man to perfectthrough his devotion to God;    In the third part, are the stories of theprophets of Islam, a description of the punishment suffered by thepeople who refused to believe in their messages.The Medinan suras are "orders". They pose the fundamentals of anew society, in which respect and obedience are due to Muhammad andhis family, where the praises go to those who fight and die injihad (struggle) in the path of God, and where we fight against theoppression of the enemies of Islam.
Al-Quran Bahasa Indonesia 1.0 APK
Quran books
Al-Qur'an (Quran in Indonesian)Al-Qur’ān (ejaan KBBI: Alquran, Arab: القرآن) adalah kitab suciagama Islam. Umat Islam percaya bahwa Al-Qur'an merupakan puncakdan penutup wahyu Allah yang diperuntukkan bagi manusia, dan bagiandari rukun iman, yang disampaikan kepada Nabi Muhammad Shallallahu‘alaihi wa sallam, melalui perantaraan Malaikat Jibril, dan sebagaiwahyu pertama yang diterima oleh Nabi Muhammad adalah sebagaimanayang terdapat dalam surat Al-'Alaq ayat 1-5.Ditinjau dari segi kebahasaan, Al-Qur’an berasal dari bahasaArab yang berarti "bacaan" atau "sesuatu yang dibacaberulang-ulang". Kata Al-Qur’an adalah bentuk kata benda (masdar)dari kata kerja qara'a yang artinya membaca. Konsep pemakaian kataini dapat juga dijumpai pada salah satu surat Al-Qur'an sendiriyakni pada ayat 17 dan 18 Surah Al-Qiyamah yang artinya:“Sesungguhnya mengumpulkan Al-Qur’an (di dalam dadamu) dan(menetapkan) bacaannya (pada lidahmu) itu adalah tanggungan Kami.(Karena itu,) jika Kami telah membacakannya, hendaklah kamu ikuti{amalkan} bacaannya”.Al-Qur'an memberikan dorongan yang besar untuk mempelajarisejarah dengan secara adil, objektif dan tidak memihak. Dengandemikian tradisi sains Islam sepenuhnya mengambil inspirasi dariAl-Qur'an, sehingga umat Muslim mampu membuat sistematika penulisansejarah yang lebih mendekati landasan penanggalan astronomis.Penulisan (pencatatan dalam bentuk teks) ayat-ayat al-Qur'ansudah dimulai sejak zaman Nabi Muhammad. Kemudian transformasinyamenjadi teks yang sudah dibundel menjadi satu seperti yang dijumpaisaat ini, telah dilakukan pada zaman khalifah Utsman bin Affan.Masa Nabi MuhammadPada masa ketika Nabi Muhammad masih hidup, terdapat beberapa orangyang ditunjuk untuk menuliskan Al Qur'an yakni Zaid bin Tsabit, Alibin Abi Talib, Muawiyah bin Abu Sufyan dan Ubay bin Kaab. Sahabatyang lain juga kerap menuliskan wahyu tersebut walau tidakdiperintahkan. Media penulisan yang digunakan saat itu berupapelepah kurma, lempengan batu, daun lontar, kulit atau daun kayu,pelana, potongan tulang belulang binatang. Di samping itu banyakjuga sahabat-sahabat langsung menghafalkan ayat-ayat Al-Qur'ansetelah wahyu diturunkan.Pemerintahan Abu BakarPada masa kekhalifahan Abu Bakar, terjadi beberapa pertempuran(dalam perang yang dikenal dengan nama perang Ridda) yangmengakibatkan tewasnya beberapa penghafal Al-Qur'an dalam jumlahyang signifikan. Umar bin Khattab yang saat itu merasa sangatkhawatir akan keadaan tersebut lantas meminta kepada Abu Bakaruntuk mengumpulkan seluruh tulisan Al-Qur'an yang saat itu tersebardi antara para sahabat. Abu Bakar lantas memerintahkan Zaid binTsabit sebagai koordinator pelaksanaan tugas tersebut. Setelahpekerjaan tersebut selesai dan Al-Qur'an tersusun secara rapi dalamsatu mushaf, hasilnya diserahkan kepada Abu Bakar. Abu Bakarmenyimpan mushaf tersebut hingga wafatnya kemudian mushaf tersebutberpindah kepada Umar sebagai khalifah penerusnya, selanjutnyamushaf dipegang oleh anaknya yakni Hafshah yang juga istri NabiMuhammad.TerjemahanTerjemahan Al-Qur'an adalah hasil usaha penerjemahan secara literalteks Al-Qur'an yang tidak dibarengi dengan usaha interpretasi lebihjauh. Terjemahan secara literal tidak boleh dianggap sebagai artisesungguhnya dari Al-Qur'an. Sebab Al-Qur'an menggunakan suatulafazh dengan berbagai gaya dan untuk suatu maksud yang bervariasi;kadang-kadang untuk arti hakiki, kadang-kadang pula untuk artimajazi (kiasan) atau arti dan maksud lainnya.Al-Quran (Quran inIndonesian)The Qur'an (KBBI spelling: Qur'an, Arabic: القرآن) is the sacredbook of Islam. Muslims believe that the Qur'an is the culminationof God's revelation and the cover is for humans, and part of thepillars of faith, which was delivered to the Prophet sallallaahu'alaihi wa sallam, through the intercession of the Angel Gabriel,and the first revelation received by the Prophet Muhammad is ascontained in the letter of Al-'Alaq verse 1-5.In terms of language, the Qur'an is derived from the Arabic wordmeaning "read" or "read something over and over again". The wordQur'an is the noun form (masdar) from qara'a verb meaning to read.The concept of the use of this word can also be found on one letterof the Qur'an itself that in paragraph 17 and 18 of SurahAl-Qiyamah which means:    "Actually collecting the Qur'an (in thechest) and (set) reading (on tongue) that is dependent Us.(Therefore,) if we've read it, you shall follow {} recitation ofglory ".The Qur'an gives a great impetus to the study of history with ina fair, objective and impartial. Thus the tradition of Islamicscience fully take inspiration from the Quran, so that Muslims canmake a more systematic approach of writing the history of thefoundation astronomical calendar.Writing (recording in the form of text) verses of the Qur'an hasbeen started since the time of Prophet Muhammad. Thentransformation into a text that has been bundled into one as seenat this time, has been done in the time of Caliph Uthman ibnAffan.The time of Prophet MuhammadAt a time when the Prophet Muhammad was still alive, there are somepeople who are appointed to write the Qur'an Zaid bin Thabit, 'Aliibn Abi Talib, Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan and Ubay ibn Ka'b. Anotherfriend who also often write these revelations, though not ordered.The media at the time of writing used a palm frond, a slab ofstone, palm leaves, bark or leaves of wood, saddles, bits of animalbones. In addition many friends instantly memorize verses of theQur'an after the revelation was revealed.Government of Abu BakrDuring the caliphate of Abu Bakr, there were several battles (inthe war known as the Ridda wars) which resulted in the deaths ofseveral penghafal Qur'an in significant numbers. Umar, who wasfeeling very worried about the state of Abu Bakr then asked tocollect all the writings of the Qur'an that when the spread betweenthe companions. Abu Bakr then ordered Zaid bin Thabit as thecoordinator of this task. Once the work is completed and the Qur'anarranged neatly in one codex, the results are submitted to AbuBakr. Abu Bakr store until his death Manuscripts Manuscripts arethen passed to the Caliph Umar as his successor, then the MushafHafsah held by his son who is also the wife of the ProphetMuhammad.TranslationTranslation of the Qur'an is the literal translation of the resultsof operations of Al-Quran text is not accompanied by furtherinterpretation effort. Literal translation should not be regardedas the true meaning of the Quran. Because the Qur'an uses a wordingwith various styles and for a purpose which varies, sometimes forultimate meaning, sometimes also for the sense majazi(figuratively) or other meaning and intent.
Sahih Bukhari in Tamil 1.0 APK
Quran books
Hadith Sahih Bukhari in TamilSahih al-Bukhari, is one of the Kutub al-Sittah (six majorhadith collections) of Sunni Islam. These prophetic traditions, orhadith, were collected by the Persian Muslim scholar Muhammadal-Bukhari, after being transmitted orally for generations. SunniMuslims view this as one of the three most trusted collections ofhadith along with Sahih Muslim and Muwatta Imam Malik. In somecircles, it is considered the most authentic book after theQuran.Hadith in religious use is often translated as 'tradition',meaning a report of the deeds and sayings of Muhammad. The hadithliterature does not qualify as primary source material as it wascompiled from oral reports that were present in society around thetime of their compilation, well after the death of the ProphetMuhammad.Bukhari's collection which is considered by many traditionalreligious scholars as the most 'reliable' was compiled twocenturies after the death of the Prophet.Amin Ahsan Islahi, the notable Islamic scholar, has listed threeoutstanding qualities of Sahih al-Bukhari:1. Quality and soundness of the chain of narrators of the selectedahādīth. Muhammad al-Bukhari has followed two principle criteriafor selecting sound narratives. First, the lifetime of a narratorshould overlap with the lifetime of the authority from whom henarrates. Second, it should be verifiable that narrators have metwith their source persons. They should also expressly state thatthey obtained the narrative from these authorities. This is astricter criterion than that set by Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj.2. Muhammad al-Bukhari accepted the narratives from only those who,according to his knowledge, not only believed in Islam butpracticed its teachings. Thus, he has not accepted narratives fromthe Murjites.3. The particular arrangement and ordering of chapters. Thisexpresses the profound knowledge of the author and hisunderstanding of the religion. This has made the book a more usefulguide in understanding of the religious disciplines.