1.21 / May 19, 2017
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Description

A waterfall is a place where water flows overa vertical drop in the course of a stream or river. Waterfalls alsooccur where meltwater drops over the edge of a tabular iceberg orice shelf.

Waterfalls are commonly formed when a river is young. At thesetimes the channel is often narrow and deep. When the river coursesover resistant bedrock, erosion happens slowly, while downstreamthe erosion occurs more rapidly. As the watercourse increases itsvelocity at the edge of the waterfall, it plucks material from theriverbed. Whirlpools created in the turbulence as well as sand andstones carried by the watercourse increase the erosion capacity.This causes the waterfall to carve deeper into the bed and torecede upstream. Often over time, the waterfall will recede back toform a canyon or gorge downstream as it recedes upstream, and itwill carve deeper into the ridge above it. The rate of retreat fora waterfall can be as high as one and half meters per year.

Often, the rock stratum just below the more resistant shelf will beof a softer type, meaning that undercutting due to splashback willoccur here to form a shallow cave-like formation known as a rockshelter under and behind the waterfall. Eventually, theoutcropping, more resistant cap rock will collapse under pressureto add blocks of rock to the base of the waterfall. These blocks ofrock are then broken down into smaller boulders by attrition asthey collide with each other, and they also erode the base of thewaterfall by abrasion, creating a deep plunge pool or gorge.

Streams become wider and shallower just above waterfalls due toflowing over the rock shelf, and there is usually a deep area justbelow the waterfall because of the kinetic energy of the waterhitting the bottom. Waterfalls normally form in a rocky area due toerosion. After a long period of being fully formed, the waterfalling off the ledge will retreat, causing a horizontal pitparallel to the waterfall wall. Eventually, as the pit growsdeeper, the waterfall collapses to be replaced by a steeply slopingstretch of river bed.[1] In addition to gradual processes such aserosion, earth movement caused by earthquakes or landslides orvolcanoes can cause a differential in land heights which interferewith the natural course of a water flow, and result inwaterfalls.

A river sometimes flows over a large step in the rocks that mayhave been formed by a fault line. Waterfalls can occur along theedge of a glacial trough, where a stream or river flowing into aglacier continues to flow into a valley after the glacier hasreceded or melted. The large waterfalls in Yosemite Valley areexamples of this phenomenon, which is referred to as a hangingvalley. Another reason hanging valleys may form is where two riversjoin and one is flowing faster than the other.[1] Waterfalls can begrouped into ten broad classes based on the average volume of waterpresent on the fall (which depends on both the waterfall's averageflow and its height) using a logarithmic scale. Class 10 waterfallsinclude Niagara Falls, Paulo Afonso Falls and Khone Falls.

Classes of other well-known waterfalls include Victoria Falls andKaieteur Falls (Class 9); Rhine Falls and Gullfoss (Class 8); AngelFalls and Dettifoss (Class 7); Yosemite Falls, Lower YellowstoneFalls and Umphang Thee Lor Sue Waterfall (Class 6); SutherlandFalls (Class 5).

App Information Waterfall Puzzle

  • App Name
    Waterfall Puzzle
  • Package Name
    com.saubcy.games.puzzle.scccycsh.Waterfall
  • Updated
    May 19, 2017
  • File Size
    Undefined
  • Requires Android
    Android 2.3 and up
  • Version
    1.21
  • Developer
    BookMan
  • Installs
    1,000 - 5,000
  • Price
    Free
  • Category
    Puzzle
  • Developer
  • Google Play Link

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