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Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April1945)was an Austrian-born German politician who was the leader oftheNazi Party (German: Nationalsozialistische DeutscheArbeiterpartei(NSDAP); National Socialist German Workers Party). HewasChancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("leader")ofNazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As effective dictator ofNaziGermany, Hitler was at the centre of World War II in Europe andtheHolocaust.Hitler was a decorated veteran of World War I. He joinedtheprecursor of the NSDAP, the German Workers' Party, in 1919andbecame leader of the NSDAP in 1921. In 1923 he attempted a coupinMunich to seize power. The failed coup resulted inHitler'simprisonment, during which time he wrote his autobiographyandpolitical manifesto Mein Kampf ("My Struggle"). After hisreleasein 1924, Hitler gained popular support by attacking theTreaty ofVersailles and promoting Pan-Germanism, anti-Semitism,andanti-communism with charismatic oratory and Nazi propaganda.Hitlerfrequently denounced international capitalism and communismasbeing part of a Jewish conspiracy.Hitler's Nazi Party became the largest elected party intheGerman Reichstag, leading to his appointment as chancellor in1933.Following fresh elections won by his coalition, theReichstagpassed the Enabling Act, which began the process oftransformingthe Weimar Republic into the Third Reich, asingle-partydictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocraticideology ofNational Socialism. Hitler aimed to eliminate Jews fromGermany andestablish a New Order to counter what he saw as theinjustice ofthe post-World War I international order dominated byBritain andFrance. His first six years in power resulted in rapideconomicrecovery from the Great Depression, the denunciationofrestrictions imposed on Germany after World War I, andtheannexation of territories that were home to millions ofethnicGermans—actions which gave him significant popularsupport.Hitler sought Lebensraum ("living space") for the Germanpeople.His aggressive foreign policy is considered to be theprimary causeof the outbreak of World War II in Europe. He directedlarge-scalerearmament and on 1 September 1939 invaded Poland,resulting inBritish and French declarations of war on Germany. InJune 1941,Hitler ordered an invasion of the Soviet Union. By theend of 1941German forces and the European Axis powers occupied mostof Europeand North Africa. Failure to defeat the Soviets and theentry ofthe United States into the war forced Germany onto thedefensiveand it suffered a series of escalating defeats. In thefinal daysof the war, during the Battle of Berlin in 1945, Hitlermarried hislong-time lover, Eva Braun. On 30 April 1945, less thantwo dayslater, the two committed suicide to avoid capture by theRed Army,and their corpses were burned.Under Hitler's leadership and racially motivated ideology,theNazi regime was responsible for the genocide of at least5.5million Jews and millions of other victims whom he andhisfollowers deemed Untermenschen ("sub-humans") andsociallyundesirable. Hitler and the Nazi regime were alsoresponsible forthe killing of an estimated 19.3 million civiliansand prisoners ofwar. In addition, 29 million soldiers and civiliansdied as aresult of military action in the European Theatre of WorldWar II.The number of civilians killed during the Second World Warwasunprecedented in warfare, and constitutes the deadliest conflictinhuman history.