Description

Arowanas are freshwater bony fish of thefamily Osteoglossidae, also known as bonytongues (the latter nameis now often reserved for Arapaimidae). In this family of fish, thehead is bony and the elongated body is covered by large, heavyscales, with a mosaic pattern of canals. The dorsal and anal finshave soft rays and are long based, while the pectoral and ventralfins are small. The name "bonytongues" is derived from a toothedbone on the floor of the mouth, the "tongue", equipped with teeththat bite against teeth on the roof of the mouth. The arowana is afacultative air breather and can obtain oxygen from air by suckingit into its swim bladder, which is lined with capillaries like lungtissue.
Osteoglossids are carnivorous, often being specialized surfacefeeders. They are excellent jumpers; Osteoglossum species have beenseen leaping more than 6 ft (almost 2 m) from the water surface topick off insects and birds from overhanging branches in SouthAmerica, hence the nickname "water monkeys". Arowana speciestypically grow to around 2 to 3 ft in captivity.
Several species of osteoglossids exhibit parental care. They buildnests and protect their young after they hatch. All species aremouthbrooders, the parents holding sometimes hundreds of eggs intheir mouths. The young may make several tentative trips outsidethe parent's mouth to investigate the surroundings before leavingpermanently.
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