Description

- Albert Einstein was a German-born physicist who developed thegeneral theory of relativity, among other feats. He is consideredthe most influential physicist of the 20th century. In 1905 (seenby many as a "miracle year" for the theorist), Einstein had fourpapers published in the Annalen der Physik, one of the best knownphysics journals of the era. The four papers focused on thephotoelectric effect, Brownian motion, the special theory ofrelativity and the matter/energy relationship, thus taking physicsin an electrifying new direction. In his fourth paper, Einsteincame up with the equation E=mc2, suggesting that tiny particles ofmatter could be converted into huge amounts of energy,foreshadowing the development of atomic power. - Bertrand Russellwas a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian,writer, social critic, political activist and Nobel laureate. Atvarious points in his life he considered himself a liberal, asocialist, and a pacifist, but he also admitted that he had "neverbeen any of these things, in any profound sense". - Mahatma Gandhiwas the preeminent leader of the Indian independence movement inBritish-ruled India. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience,Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civilrights and freedom across the world. - Winston Churchill was aBritish statesman who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdomfrom 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. Churchill was alsoan officer in the British Army, a non-academic historian, a writer,and an artist. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature, and was thefirst person to be made an honorary citizen of the United States.